All Greenhouses Lead to the Romans
Cultivating plants under controlled conditions dates back to Roman times. To grow a cucumber-like vegetable for Emperor Tiberius throughout the year, Roman gardeners had to think of artificial methods. They used specularia (light structures fitted with semi-transparent panes) or cloths soaked in oil stretched over a framework. The plants were kept in movable beds, placed outdoors in the sun by day and wheeled inside at night to protect them from the cold. By doing so, they established the principle of cultivation within a controlled microclimate. Disinfection with biocides did not yet exist, but the Romans occasionally used sulphur or ash around plants or storage areas to limit mould and insects.