Water: An Essential Element for All Animals

Effective water quality management is essential, as water makes up over 60% of an animal’s body. Animals also consume at least twice as much water as feed. This highlights the importance of qualitative water to avoid disease or performance issues. Water plays a vital role in various functions, including regulation of body temperature, aiding digestion, removing waste, moving feed through the gastrointestinal tract and transporting nutrients, minerals, and vitamins.

To ensure proper control of these functions and prevent disease outbreaks, livestock farmers must routinely monitor water quality. In the past, antibiotics were frequently used to control disease outbreaks. However, this approach is now under scrutiny due to European guidelines that promote prudent antibiotic use to reduce antibiotic resistance. As a result, preventive measures, such as water quality control, are gaining more attention.

water the forgotten nutrient in livestock farming - pig
Fig. 1: Water is involved in multiple functions in pigs and poultry.
water the forgotten nutrient in livestock farming - chicken

Biofilms Colonise the Drinking Water Line

One key challenge in maintaining water quality is the formation of biofilms within drinking lines. These biofilms are clustered groups of microorganisms (including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses, spores) encased in a self-produced slime layer attached to the walls of the drinking lines. Biofilm formation starts when microorganisms attach to the drinking line surface. Once attached, microorganisms multiply, forming small colonies and start producing a protective slime layer. Thanks to this slime layer, biofilms show high tolerance towards disinfectants or antibiotics, making them hard to eradicate. Microbes can also detach from the biofilm to initiate a new biofilm further down the line, eventually colonising the entire drinking system.

Biofilm formation in waterline
Chick drinking water from waterline

The impact of microbial contaminations on animal performance

Ingestion of harmful microbes may cause disease and negatively impact animal performance particularly in young animals whose immune system is not yet fully developed. This can lead to higher disease pressure, increased mortality rates, and reduced growth. Beyond causing disease, biofilms can also block the water supplies and alter palatability, reducing water consumption.

Drinkende biggen

Preventing drinking water line contaminations

In order to maintain the water quality, biocides play an important role. Huwa-San, a stabilised hydrogen peroxide, is effective towards microorganisms and persisting biofilms in animal drinking water systems. Internal studies indicated that continuously dosing Huwa-San in a poultry farm, not only has a positive impact on the water quality, but also on production parameters such as the growth, FCR and mortality.

For more information about cleaning and disinfecting your waterlines, please contact us.